Showing posts with label more. Show all posts
Showing posts with label more. Show all posts

Thursday, February 12, 2015

Losing Weight Is Easy Staving It Off Aint A Lesson in High vs Very High Energy Restrictions Whats More Effective

If you tried to follow all the "good advice" you can find on the Internet and in the myriad of diet books and ebooks, I can guarantee that you are going to get fatter, not leaner. When it comes to dieting, there is after all nothing worse than doings things by halves... but is this also true for cutting your energy intake by half?
Ok, I freely admit that I have tricked you. Despite the fact that the study at hand is a randomized human study, it is possible that it is not 100% relevant for all of you. After all, the subjects in Lisa M. Nackers, Kathryn R. Middleton, Pamela J. Dubyak, Michael J. Daniels, Stephen D. Anton and Michael G. Perris latest experiment were not exactly as lean as I would expect most of you are (this reminds me that I wanted to put up a questionnaire).

In other words, the subjects were obese. Whether the fact that they were also female is as grave a difference is something I cannot tell, but in view of the fact that this makes weight loss even harder, I would say its probably not much of a problem if you are a man (and lets be honest, dont we all have a female friend who is constantly complaining about her weight, guys?)

Inspite of a mean BMI of 37.84kg/m², the relative results of this study will probably apply to a lean person, as well. In other words, if the women in the study at hand were randomized to consume either 1,000 or 1,500 kcal/day per day, I would suggest that a lean man / woman with much lower fat reserves to draw on should never go below 1,500 / 1,200 kcal/day.

So, this is not you, but the results are still intriguing

The important question was and still is now: Whats more effective? A high, or a low caloric deficit? As a seasoned SuppVersity student, you will be aware that the "grazing approach to lose weight" in the course of which you reduce your calorie intake by only 5%, to make sure that (a) its not getting to hard for you, or (b) you are not losing any muscle, will fail miserably and can result in serious deteriorations of your body composition (learn more). But what about the alternatives? Which of them, i.e. the -50% or the -25% diet, is appropriate for the obese ladies and which could be a model for yourself?
No exercise = not necessarily negligence: I know, for physical culturists like you and me, it sounds hilarious that the subjects were not encouraged to actually work out. If we are honest, we all know that this would have been the first thing the participants dropped in the unsupervised phase II of the study. I was thus not negligent to tell the subjects to simply follow the 10,000 steps per day approach as it is recommended by Donelly et al. in their often-cited 2009 ACSM Position Stand.
We know from previous research that lifestyle interventions are capable of inducing weight reduction of 7-10% and corresponding decreases in risk factors for heart disease and diabetes within weeks (DPPRG. 2002; Look AHEAD Research Group. 2010; Butryn. 2011).
"Get Your Protein, Veggies & Fruits and Get Them Regularly: High(er) Meal Frequency (6 à Day) + High(er) Protein Diet Support Weight & Fat Loss on a Diet " | learn more
"Nonetheless, behavioral changes initiated during lifestyle treatment often are poorly maintained and regaining of lost weight is common, thereby diminishing health benefits of weight loss. As a variety of biological and environmental influences make it difficult to maintain large dietary changes, a number of researchers and professional organizations have proposed a ‘‘small change’’ approach to weight management, arguing that small sustainable changes will produce better long-term weight control than larger changes that are unlikely to be sustained.

Alternatively, other researchers have observed that larger initial dietary changes, and the greater, more rapid weight losses they produce, are more likely to reinforce the weight-change process and lead to better long-term weight-loss outcomes." (Nackers. 2013)
In other words, as of now, its mostly a question of faith, not one of scientific evidence, whether you answer my previous question in favor of the "small change" or the "massive reduction" approach.

Fast and hard, or slow and steady? How would you like it?

Ah, well... this is of course before youve taken a look at the results of this 12 months dietary intervention, of which the researchers speculated that it would demonstrate greater short- and long-term weight losses, and higher rates of weight loss in the metabolically relevant >5% body weight region in the 1,000kcal/day vs. 1,500kcal/day group.

If you do now finally take a peak at the actual results after 6 months with group-care (supervision) and the subsequent unsupervised 6 months "weight maintenance" (mind the inverted commas ;-) phase, what would you tell your chubby female friend shed do? Cut back drastically or moderately?
Figure 1: Weight loss in the supervised (0-6m) and unsupervised (7-12m) of the study; the %-values indicate the relative difference between the 1,000kcal and the 1,500kcal diets (Nackers. 2013)
If we go by the results of the study at hand, the answer probably is: "Cut back drastically." Someone who is, unlike the ladies in the study at hand, not putting his health at risk if he maintains his current body weight, would yet probably be better off running a "moderate" caloric deficit of 25-30%. This could help him or her minimize the dreaded "fat rebound".

I mean, despite the fact that the post-diet weight gain in the study at hand was less pronounced than the average Internet craze about "yoyo"-dieting would suggest, any form of uncontrolled weight gain after weeks or months of serious dieting could potentially raise your body fat levels to previously unexpected new heights.
You can learn more about dieting at the SuppVersity

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For someone who was lean, when he or she started out dieting, the endless circuits of "cut back drastically" <> "gain fat rapidly" certainly entail the risk of making the highly undesirable transition from having a small gut, but enough muscle to make up for that (metabolically), to having the same or even a bigger gut, but no muscular metabolic currency to balance it. That this is very bad news for both your health and sex-appeal is something I shouldnt have to tell you, right (learn more about skinny fats).

 You cannot program weight loss for all!

Even in the study at hand, we can find evidence for one of the fundamental messages researchers who are dabbling with diet and nutrition appear to be too afraid to tell their financiers: There is no magic formula. It is thus not surprising that Nackers et al. observed that a "subset of participants may not benefit from this level [1,000kcal only] of, baseline caloric" (Nackers. 2013) intake.

When we look more closely at the underlying reasons, it becomes clear that the baseline energy intake, which is - even in the morbidly obese - a(n allegedly unreliable) gauge of the basal energy requirements of an individual determined, whether the high caloric deficit worked, or sucked: 
"Breakfast Keeps You Lean" Myth or Mystically True?" | find out
"Participants with high baseline caloric intake ( 2,000 kcal/day) regained more weight during months 7-12 if assigned 1,000 kcal/day than those with low baseline caloric intake (<2,000 kcal/day).

For individuals who consumed high levels of baseline calories, the prescribed intake of 1,000 kcal/day required a reduction in energy consumption of 50% or more — a level that may be unsustainable long term." (Nackers. 2013)
In their discussion of the results, the authors rightly point out that "this findind holds important treatment-matching implications" - implications, every Suppversity reader has been aware of for years:
"At the start of lifestyle interventions, participants reporting high baseline calorie levels may benefit from energy prescriptions based on either a percentage of their baseline intake (e.g., 25-50% reduction) or a projected amount of weight change per week (e.g., 0.50-0.75 kg) rather than a fixed energy intake, such as 1,000 kcal/day." (Nackers. 2013)
With their last suggestion, i.e. the formulation of a "less restrictive calorie goal" for a phase of "extended care treatment" that would be "gradually moving participants from 1,000 to 1,250 to
1,500 kcal/day" that would also allow for one or another "cheat" by providing "acceptable intake goals" instead of inflexible calorie values, Nackers, Middleton, Dubyak, Daniels, Anton, and Perry eventually formulate a bottom line to their study that should look vaguely familiar to all of you for whom this is not the first visit to the SuppVersity.
I am not sure, if you all remember that, but the energy deficit Adelfo Cerame Jr. ran during the contest preps he logged, here at the SuppVersity (read them), was always in the 15-30% range. His success would confirm my previous statement that the "radical approach" (-50%) is only appropriate for those of you who still have a very long way to go.
Bottom line: If you asked me if we can learn something new from the study at hand, I am reluctant to say "Yes, we can!". The notion that obesity requires rapid weight loss even if that implies a larger post-intervention weight (re)gain should after all not be news to any of you.

The experimental confirmation that the weight rebound does not (necessarily) ruin an obese individuals weight loss success, on the other hand, is news. It would argue in favor of an aggressive dietary intervention and - as the scientists point out in their discussion of the results - a staggered return to a lower caloric deficit in the months to come. I mean, despite the upheaval about  Abercrombie & Fitch not offering "plus size" clothes, one thing should be 100% clear: 90kg, which is the average weight of the ladies in the 1,000kcal group after 6 months, is not a normal body weight for a 145cm tall 52 year old woman, right?
References:
  • Butryn ML, Webb V, Wadden TA. Behavioral treatment of obesity.Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2011;34:841-859.
  • Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:459-471.
  • Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393-403.
  • Nackers LM, Middleton KR, Dubyak PJ, Daniels MJ, Anton SD, Perri MG. Effects of prescribing 1,000 versus 1,500 kilocalories per day in the behavioral treatment of obesity: A randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Dec;21(12):2481-7. 
  • The Look AHEAD Research Group. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1566-1575.

Wednesday, February 11, 2015

Reader Question Are Black Seeds Nigella Sativa Their Oil Ointments More Good For Me What do the Studies Say

Nigella sativa is available in form of seeds, oils and all sorts of ointments and for many of them there are studies suggesting that they work.
SuppVersity reader Amaan Mueen asks on Facebook: "In traditional Oriental medicine its said that blackseed is a cure for everything except death, is there any truth to that?" I probably dont give away too much, when I tell you that blackseed (also "black seed") aka "nigella sativa" is not going to cure everything, but death, but that does not mean that modern Western medicine has not been able to confirm what Oriental "doctors" have known for centuries.

In the following I am going to present an allegedly cursory overview of the existing evidence with a focus on those health benefits that could be relevant for the average and extra-ordinary SuppVersity reader.
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  • General anti-oxidant effects - The complete oil of N. sativa, as well as thymoquinone (the main compound of the essential oil) have been shown to significantly reduce non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in liposomes (Houghton. 1995). Significant anti-oxidant effects have also been observed for other compounds isolated from N. sativa, uncluding thymoquinone, carvacol, t-anethole and 4-terpineol.

    Figure 1: The tymoquinone rich fraction of blackseed (TQRF-X) has dose dependent (L,M,H) effects on antioxidant enzyems in hypercholesterolemic (Ismail. 2010).
    These compounds were found in a series of other in vitro tests to have variable antioxidant, but no pro-oxidant properties.

    Most importantly, though, the different compounds in the oil were found to act in a synergistic manner (i.e. more than the mere summation of the actions of the individual compounds). This stresses the importance of using the whole oil (or the crude extract) of the seeds in pharmacological studies.

    As Ali and Blunden point out in their review of the literature, "the antioxidant property of N. sativa is multifactorial, [but] it does not seem to involve iron-complexing activity (Ali. 2003). It rather appears as if its general ability to scavenge free radicals, which may be, at least partially, the basis of many human diseases and conditions, could be at the heart of its ability to protect, for example, against CCl4 hepatotoxicity (Nagi. 1999), liver fibrosis and cirrhosis (Türkdogan. 2000), and hepatic damage induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection (Mahmoud. 2002).
  • Antiinflammatory and analgesic actions -Its one thing to scavenge free radicals. Its yet a completely different thing to effectively reduce the inflammation thats often, but not always triggered by the presence of free radicals. Against that background its important to note that an aqueous extract from nigella sativa exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects, as well (Al-Ghamdi, 2001). Using carrageenan-induced paw oedema as a model of inflammation, and the hot plate reaction time as a model of nociception, the extract was found to possess significant antiinflammatory and analgesic (=pain reducing) action.

    As Ali & Blunden (2003) point out, this finding lends some credence to the folk medicinal use of the plant as an antiinflammatory and analgesic substance, and also confirms previous reports on the antinociceptive (Abdel-Fattah. 2000) and antiinflammatory (Mutabagani. 1997) effects of N. sativa oil and its major component, thymoquinone, in mice.

    The possible mechanism by which N. sativa exerts its antiinflammatory action has been studied. Thymoquinone has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of eicosanoid generation, namely thromboxane B2 and leucotrienes B4, by inhibiting both cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase, respectively (Houghton. 1995). Interestingly, it was found that the fixed oil of N. sativa had both antioxidant and anti-eicosanoid effects greater than thymoquinone, which is its active constituent (Houghton. 1995)
Chemical structure of some of the main potentially bioactive compounds in Nigella sativa (Paarakh. 2010).
Whats actually in the seeds? N. sativa seeds contain 36%–38% fixed oils, proteins, alkaloids, saponin and 0.4%–2.5% essential oil (Lautenbucher, 1997). The fixed oil is composed mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, including the unusual C20:2 arachidic and eicosadienoic acids (Houghton. 1995). The hitherto discovered active ingredients of the essential oil are thymoquinone  (27.8%–57.0%), ρ-cymene (7.1%–15.5%), carvacrol (5.8%–11.6%), t-anethole (0.25%–2.3%), 4-terpineol (2.0%–6.6%) and longifoline (1.0%–8.0%).

In addition, it contains four alkaloids and several monodesmosidic triterpene saponins. What? Yeah... unfortunately, we know only of few of the (potentially) active ingredients and even less about what exactly they do.
  • Anti-Cancer Effect - In an in-vitro study from the late 1990s researchers from the Tobacco and Health Research Institute in Lexington were able to show that the thymoquinone (TQ) and dithymoquinone (DIM) content of nigella sativa have the astonishing ability to kill several parental and multi-drug resistant (MDR) human tumor cell lines (Worthen. 1997).
    Figure 2: A schematic diagram showing major molecular targets of TQ. As an anticancer agent, TQ inhibits the activity of CYP enzymes, which are involved in metabolic activation carcinogens, and induces the expression and activities of cytoprotective enzymes by activating Nrf2 signaling. TQ selectively induces tumor cell death in an ROS-dependent manner following both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. TQ exerts anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effects by blocking the activation of NF-κB- and STAT3-regulated gene products (Kundu. 2014).
    In spite of the fact that there are as of yet no studies that show that humans were cured with blackseed, recent studies have shown that Thymoquinone, a component of Nigella sativa, decreases oxidative DNA damage in a rat model of mammary cancer (Sindi. 2014) and protect the brain, liver and other organs from radiation induced damage during cancer therapy (Ahlatci. 2014; Cikman. 2014). So, even if it were not for its established cytotoxic effects in various human cancer cells (e.g. Liver, Khan. 2014; Kidney, Tabasi. 2014; Prostate & Breast Cancer, Schneider-Stock. 2014; Cervix, Ichwan. 2014; etc.), it would still make sense to use black seed extracts as antioxidants during radiation and as studies indicate also chemotherapy (Pace. 2003; Almog. 2014).
  • Anti-allergic effects - In a study from 2003 Kalus et al. observed significant reductions in subjective feeling of allergic symptoms in 152 patients with allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic eczema) who were treated with Nigella sativa oil, given in capsules at a dose of 40 to 80 mg/kg/day.

    Figure 3: The addition of blackseeds at a dosage of 2g/day propels the beneficial effects of subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function in 24 patients sensitive to house dust mites with allergic rhinitis (Işık. 2010)
    Other studies confirm that Nigella sativa can reduce the peripheral blood eosinophil count, IgG1 and IgG2a, cytokine profiles and lung inflammation in murine model of allergic asthma (Abbas. 2004) that are equal to the corticosteriod dexamethasone and scientists from the Gaziosmanpasa University Medical Faculty say that "N. sativa display its antioxidant and regulatory effects via inflammatory cells rather than the host tissue (brain and medulla spinalis)" in a rodent model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (Ozugurlu. 2005). Effects that were also observed in a 2010 human study which indicates that "N. sativa seed supplementation during specific immunotherapy of allergic rhinitis may be considered a potential adjuvant therapy" (Işık. 2010 | see Figure 3).
  • Anti-diabetes effects: The volatile compounds in nigella sativa oil have been shown to exert potent glucose lowering effects in healthy and diabetic animals (Al-Hader. 1993). Effects that occured in the absence of changes in insulin levels and are almost unsettlingly pronounced.
    Figure 4: Reduction in fasting blood glucose in the hours after the administration of 50mg/kg volatile oil extract to normal and diabetic rodents (Al-Hader. 1993).
    For those of you who are hovering around in the netherlands of glucose levels, anyway, the 14% reduction Al-Hader et al. observed in the healthy rabbits in their 1993 could in fact be enough to induce mild hypoglycemia and side effects such as ravenous appetite, feeling cold, cold sweat, being irritable and so on - an effect thats going to be particularly pronounced, because blacksee will at the same time inhibit the production of glucose in the liver that would otherwise compensate the drop in blood glucose (Al-Awadi. 1991).

    With comparatively lower doses of only 5ml of nigella sativa oil, Mohtashami et al. have recently demonstrated that the beneficial effects on blood glucose are not rodent specific.

    Figure 5: Blackseed consumed in 2x2.5ml servings everydy improves blood glucose management in healthy humans, too (Mohtashami. 2011)
    In their randomized clinical trial with 70 healthy subjects who received either 2.5 ml Black seed oil or a similarly looking mineral oil two times a day, the scientists observed achieved less pronounced, but still significant reductions in fasting blood glucose and the long(er)-term glucose marker HbA1c within only two months.

    In view of the comparatively small reductions in blood sugar (see Figure 5), its also not surprisng that the only side effect was an occasional case of transient nausea. Notable changes in liver enzyme and kidney functional adverse effects, on the other hand, were not observed..

    Similar results have been reported for subjects with diabetes (Najmi. 2008), intact and diabetic rats (Hawsawi. 2001; Houcher. 2007) and in several cell models, like muscle cells, where it increases AMPK and GLUT4 expression (Benhaddou-Andaloussi. 2011) or the Langerhans cells (Rchid. 2004) of the pancreas of which Fararh et al. (2002) were able to show that they can partly recover their ability to release insulin in a rodent model of diabetes, when nigella sativa is administered in conjunction with nicotinic acid.
  • Cardiovascular effects - The results of a 2014 study by Mohammad et al. indicate that "[t]he use of N. sativa as an alternative therapy for hypercholesterolemia could have profound impact on the management of CVD among menopausal women especially in countries where it is readily available." In the corresponding study 1g of nigella sativa powder consumed after breakfast lead to significant improvements in lipid profiles of menopausal women (decreased total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol)within 2 months. Improvements that were lost almost completely after one month without the capped Nigella sativa supplement.

    Rather ambigous - at least at first sight - are the effects of nigella sativa on the physiology of the heart, while Al-Asoom et al. (2014a) were able to show that the IFG-1 boosting effects Nigella sativa exerts on exercising rats could make it a valuable tool for the treatment of heart failure with superior advantages to exercise training alone, the same effects are often mentioned as potential unwanted side effects of Nigella sativa.
    Figure 6: In trained rats, the Nigella sativa induced boost in IGF-1 (left) promotes the exercise induced increase in heart weight (right | Al-Asoom. 2014a)
    Whether thats actually a problem is yet questionable. In view of the nature of the cardiac hypertrophy, its rather an augmentation of the beneficial cardiac remodeling due to exercise similar to the one we call "athletes heart" than a pathological increase in the size of the heart. Whether similar effects can be observed for skeletal muscle has, at least as far as I know, yet not been tested - its yet certainly not impossible.
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There is more, to Nigella sativa, but I am tired of listing all the references to its beneficial gastropotective effects, its ability to protect the kidneys and the liver from damage, its anti-stress and anti-anxiety effects, its beneficial effects against candida, bacterial infections and fungi, or its use as a post-coital contraceptive (acute high dose) and fertility booster (chronic low dose | Al-Saaidi. 2009) in females & males, respectively. If you want all the details, I suggest the review by Paarakh from 2010 or asking your local oriental medicine practitioner ;-).

The latter may also be a good idea if you want to know how much and which form of blackseed you have to take for whatever you want to achieve, cause unlike the traditional uses most of which are backed by scientific studies, "optimal" dosages still await investigation | Comment!
References
    • Abbas, Ayman Talatt, et al. "Effect of dexamethasone and Nigella sativa on peripheral blood eosinophil count, IgG1 and IgG2a, cytokine profiles and lung inflammation in murine model of allergic asthma." The Egyptian journal of immunology/Egyptian Association of Immunologists 12.1 (2004): 95-102.
    • Abdel-Fattah, Abdel-Fattah Mohamed, Kinzo Matsumoto, and Hiroshi Watanabe. "Antinociceptive effects of< i> Nigella sativa</i> oil and its major component, thymoquinone, in mice." European journal of pharmacology 400.1 (2000): 89-97. 
    • Al-Saaidi, J. A. A., A. L. D. Al-Khuzai, and N. F. H. Al-Zobaydi. "Effect of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa on fertility in male rats." Iraq J Verterin Sci 23 (2009): 123-8.
    • Al-Asoom, L. I., et al. "Effect of Nigella sativa Supplementation to Exercise Training in a Novel Model of Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy." Cardiovascular toxicology (2014a): 1-8. 
    • Al-Asoom, Lubna Ibrahim, et al. "Comparison of Nigella sativa-and Exercise-Induced Models of Cardiac Hypertrophy: Structural and Electrophysiological Features." Cardiovascular toxicology (2014b): 1-6.
    • Al-Awadi, Fatania, and U. Shamte. "The effect of a plants mixture extract on liver gluconeogenesis in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats." Diabetes research (Edinburgh, Scotland) 18.4 (1991): 163-168.
    • Al-Hader, Aqel, M. Aqel, and Z. Hasan. "Hypoglycemic effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds." Pharmaceutical Biology 31.2 (1993): 96-100.
    • Ali, B. H., and Gerald Blunden. "Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa." Phytotherapy Research 17.4 (2003): 299-305. 
    • Ahlatci, Adem, et al. "Radiation-modifying abilities of< i> Nigella sativa</i> and Thymoquinone on radiation-induced nitrosative stress in the brain tissue." Phytomedicine 21.5 (2014): 740-744. 
    • Benhaddou-Andaloussi, Ali, et al. "The in vivo antidiabetic activity of Nigella sativa is mediated through activation of the AMPK pathway and increased muscle Glut4 content." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011).
    • Cikman, Oztekin, et al. "Radioprotective Effects of Nigella Sativa Oil Against Oxidative Stress in Liver Tissue of Rats Exposed to Total Head Irradiation." Journal of Investigative Surgery (2014).
    • Fararh, K. M., et al. "Isulinotropic properties of< i> Nigella sativa</i> oil in Streptozotocin plus Nicotinamide diabetic hamster." Research in veterinary science 73.3 (2002): 279-282.
    • Hawsawi, Zubaida A., Basil A. Ali, and Abdullah O. Bamosa. "Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) and thymoquinone on blood glucose in albino rats." Annals of Saudi medicine 21.3-4 (2001): 242-244. 
    • Houcher, Zahira, et al. "Effects of methanolic extract and commercial oil of Nigella sativa L. on blood glucose and antioxidant capacity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats." Pteridines 18.1 (2007): 8-18.
    • Houghton PJ, Zarka R, de las Heras B, Hoult JRS."Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation". Planta Med 61 (1995): 33–36.
    • Ichwan, S. J., et al. "Apoptotic Activities of Thymoquinone, an Active Ingredient of Black Seed (Nigella sativa), in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines." The Chinese journal of physiology 57.5 (2014).
    • Lautenbacher LM. "Schwarzkümmelöl." Dtsch Apoth Ztg 137 (1997): 68–69.
    • Khan, Fazal, et al. "Evaluation of the effect of Nigella sativa extract on human hepatocellular adenocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) in vitro." BMC Genomics 15.Suppl 2 (2014): P63.
    • Kundu, Juthika, et al. "Mechanistic Perspectives on Cancer Chemoprevention/Chemotherapeutic Effects of Thymoquinone." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis (2014).
    • Mahmoud, M. R., H. S. El-Abhar, and S. Saleh. "The effect of< i> Nigella sativa</i> oil against the liver damage induced by< i> Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection in mice." Journal of ethnopharmacology 79.1 (2002): 1-11. 
    • Mohtashami, R., et al. "Blood Glucose Lowering Effects of Nigella Sativa L. Seeds Oil in Healthy Volunteers: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial." Journal of Medicinal Plant 10.36 (2011): 90-94.
    • Mutabagani, A., and S. A. M. El-Mahdy. "A study of the anti-inflammatory activity of Nigella sativa L. and thymoquinone in rats." Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 5 (1997): 110-113.
    • Nagi, Mahmoud N., et al. "Thymoquinone protects against carbon tetrachloride hetatotoxicity in mice via an antioxidant mechanism." IUBMB Life 47.1 (1999): 153-159. 
    • Najmi, Ahmad, et al. "Effect of Nigella sativa oil on various clinical and biochemical parameters of insulin resistance syndrome." International journal of diabetes in developing countries 28.1 (2008): 11.
    • Ozugurlu, F., et al. "The effect of Nigella sativa oil against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis via nitric oxide and other oxidative stress parameters." Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) 51.3 (2005): 337-342.
    • Pace, Andrea, et al. "Neuroprotective effect of vitamin E supplementation in patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21.5 (2003): 927-931. 
    • Paarakh, Padmaa M. "Nigella sativa Linn.–A comprehensive review." Indian J Nat Prod Resour 1 (2010): 409-29.
    • Rchid, Halima, et al. "Nigella sativa seed extracts enhance glucose‐induced insulin release from rat‐isolated Langerhans islets." Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 18.5 (2004): 525-529.
    • Sindi, Abrar, and Karen Carlberg. "Thymoquinone, a component of the Middle East spicy seed Nigella sativa, decreases oxidative DNA damage in a rat model of mammary cancer (693.21)." The FASEB Journal 28.1 Supplement (2014): 693-21.
    • Tabasi, Nafise, et al. "Cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone, its constituent, in human renal cell carcinoma are comparable with cisplatin." Food and Agricultural Immunology ahead-of-print (2014): 1-19.
    • Türkdoğan, M. K., et al. "The role of antioxidant vitamins (C and E), selenium and Nigella sativa in the prevention of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in rabbits: new hopes." DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift 108.2 (2001): 71-73.
    • Worthen, David R., Omar A. Ghosheh, and P. A. Crooks. "The in vitro anti-tumor activity of some crude and purified components of blackseed, Nigella sativa L." Anticancer research 18.3A (1997): 1527-1532.

    The EPA Takes A Small Step To Protect Honey Bees Should They Do More Heres What You Can Do!

    A local honeybee enjoys a calendula in my organic garden.

    Follow Foods For Long Life on FACEBOOK.

    Colony Collapse Disorder
    Colony collapse disorder (CCD) describes the drastic decline of honey bees.  Although honeybee populations have had mysterious declines throughout history, recent dramatic declines have been alarming. Between 2012 and 2013, U.S. beekeepers lost 45 percent of their colonies. Scientists fear that this could lead to widespread crop failure in the very near future.

    Why you should Care about the Honey Bees
    I must admit, I didnt think much about honeybees while growing up in New York City. Most city people classify insects as annoying "bugs". Now that we living in a farming community, my views have certainly changed. But bee populations effect everyone. They are responsible for pollinating $15 billion dollars of crops - about one third of the food we eat, like certain berries, fruits, tree nuts, and vegetables.

    Heres an example. Did you ever wonder why almonds are so expensive? Well, they are completely dependent on honeybees for pollination. In fact they use 60 percent of all managed honey bee colonies in the United States or 1.4 million colonies of honeybees! Colony collapse disorder has severely affected the almond industry. So if you enjoy eating almonds, putting almond milk on your cereal, or eating almond butter sandwiches, you should care about honey bees.
    Other crops that require honeybee pollination include apples, oranges, lemons, limes, broccoli, onions, blueberries, cherries, cranberries, cucumbers, cantaloupes, carrots, and avocados, to name just a few.


    Almonds are completely dependent on
     honey bees for pollination.

    What Causes Colony Collapse Disorder?
    Although no one is exactly sure what is causing CCD, the main culprits, according to the USDA,  are:
    * Pathogens: Several pathogens have been linked to CCD. Nosema (a gut fungi) and Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus are two candidates although no one single pathogen has been found to cause the majority of CCD incidents.

    * Parasites: Varroa mites have been identified in many of the affected honeybee colonies. It is not known if these mites contribute to CCD or if they are merely acting as a carrier of a pathogen.

    * Management stressors: Yes, bees can be stressed out too! Because of local scarcity, bees are transported to locations throughout the country to pollinate crops. This, in addition to apiary overcrowding, creates stress for the bees.

    * Environmental stressors: These can include poor nutrition due to the scarcity or lack of diversity of nectar and pollen and limited access to good, uncontaminated water. But the big spotlight, most recently, has been on their exposure to insecticides.

    Insecticides - A Big Problem!
    One particular class of pesticides, neonicotinoids, which include chothianidin, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid, have been accused of causing CCD. More than 30 separate scientific studies linking neonicotinoids to falling bee populations prompted the European union to vote to ban the use of these pesticides.

    Recently in a Portland suburb, the Daily Beast reported that more than 50,000 bumblebees died in a Target parking lot after being exposed to trees that were treated with neonicotinoids. Unlike the EU, the EPA took a much smaller action to address the toxic effect of these chemicals on bees.

    Are you Kidding Me?
    Rather than banning these pesticides, the EPA has developed new labels to warn users that some pesticides may kill honeybees (can you hear me yawning?) Yes, we know how few people read labels and, even if they did, wouldnt hesitate to use a product that theyve grown familiar with just because it says that it "can kill bees and other insect pollinators." If they cared that much, they would already have an organic garden and wouldnt think of using these toxic chemicals to grow their food.

    What you Can Do!

    Representative Earl Blumenauer of Oregon and Representative John Conyers of Detroit introduced  a bill to put a temporary ban on all suspect insecticides until the EPA thoroughly understands pesticides true effect on pollinators. Its no surprise that the GMO manufacturers (whose seeds were develop to withstand these toxic chemicals) are against this measure. And Im sure the chemical companies who manufacture the pesticides are lining up.

    Earl Blumenauer and John Conyers asks that everyone contact their representative and encourage them to include the "Save Americas pollinators Act"  in the Farm Bill.


    Help save me!
    Contact your representative now!

    More to be Aware of when you Shop for Plants
    Are you shopping for bee-friendly plants like sunflowers for your garden? A report from the Earth and the Pesticide Research Institute claims that some garden plants sold at Home Depot, Lowes, and other garden centers have already been pre-treated with these bee-killing pesticides! 

    Products to Avoid
    Heres a list of products that contain neonicotinoids. To avoid killing bees, the Center for Food Safety recommends you avoid these common home and garden products.

    Is Organic Farming the Answer?
    Its difficult to farm organically. I know that firsthand. My husband and I are one of the very few organic vineyards in Sonoma county (only 3 percent of the roughly 1,800 vineyards in Sonoma county are organic). Its a constant struggle fighting weeds, mildew and other problems that arise. Organic solutions to these issues are also more expensive. But in the end, its worth it. Even though wine grapes dont require pollination, our land is just buzzing with bees! They like it here. They know our flowers and vegetable gardens are safe to buzz around because they are free of these horrible chemicals. 

    So when you are selecting seeds or plants for your garden or buying fruits and vegetables in the store, select organic when you can. It encourages organic agricultural practices which is not only good for your health and the health of the planet, but its good for the bees!



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    Sunday, February 8, 2015

    More 50 easy ways to Lose Weight You shoudl follow

    You know the drill when it comes to losing weight -- take in fewer calories, burn more calories. But you also know that most diets and quick weight-loss plans have about as much substance as a politicians campaign pledges. Here are more than 50 easy ways for you to finally lose the weight.

    from Stealth Health

    If you’re trying to drop a few pounds, don’t start off by trying to overhaul all your eating and exercise habits. You’re better off finding several simple things you can do on a daily basis—along with following the cardinal rules of eating more vegetables and less fat and getting more physical activity. Together, they should send the scale numbers in the right direction: down.


    1. Indulge in fat releasing foods. They should help keep you from feeling deprived and binging on higher-calorie foods. For instance:
    • Honey. Just 64 fat releasing calories in one tablespoon. Drizzle on fresh fruit.
    • Eggs. Just 70 calories in one hard-boiled egg, loaded with fat releasing protein. Sprinkle with chives for an even more elegant treat.
    • Part-skim ricotta cheese. Just 39 calories in one ounce of this food, packed with fat releasing calcium. Dollop over a bowl of fresh fruit for dessert.
    • Dark chocolate. About 168 calories in a one-ounce square, but it’s packed with fat releasing fiber.
    • Shrimp. Just 60 calories in 12 large.
    • MORE: 13 fat releasing foods »
    2. Treat high-calorie foods as jewels in the crown. Make a spoonful of ice cream the jewel and a bowl of fruit the crown. Cut down on the chips by pairing each bite with lots of chunky, filling fresh salsa, suggests Jeff Novick, director of nutrition at the Pritikin Longevity Center & Spa in Florida. Balance a little cheese with a lot of salad.
    3. After breakfast, make water your primary drink. At breakfast, go ahead and drink orange juice. But throughout the rest of the day, focus on water instead of juice or soda. The average American consumes an extra 245 calories a day from soft drinks. That’s nearly 90,000 calories a year — or 25 pounds! And research shows that despite the calories, sugary drinks don’t trigger a sense of fullness the way that food does.
    4. Carry a palm-size notebook everywhere you go for one week. Write down every single morsel that enters your lips—even water. Studies have found that people who maintain food diaries wind up eating about 15 percent less food than those who don’t.
    5. Buy a pedometer, clip it to your belt, and aim for an extra 1,000 steps a day. On average, sedentary people take only 2,000 to 3,000 steps a day. Adding 2,000 steps will help you maintain your current weight and stop gaining weight; adding more than that will help you lose weight.
    6. Add 10 percent to the amount of daily calories you think you’re eating, then adjust your eating habits accordingly. If you think you’re consuming 1,700 calories a day and don’t understand why you’re not losing weight, add another 170 calories to your guesstimate. Chances are, the new number is more accurate.
    7. Eat five or six small meals or snacks a day instead of three large meals. A 1999 South African study found that when men ate parts of their morning meal at intervals over five hours, they consumed almost 30 percent fewer calories at lunch than when they ate a single breakfast. Other studies show that even if you eat the same number of calories distributed this way, your body releases less insulin, which keeps blood sugar steady and helps control hunger.
    8. Walk for 45 minutes a day. The reason we’re suggesting 45 minutes instead of the typical 30 is that a Duke University study found that while 30 minutes of daily walking is enough to prevent weight gain in most relatively sedentary people, exercise beyond 30 minutes results in weight and fat loss. Burning an additional 300 calories a day with three miles of brisk walking (45 minutes should do it) could help you lose 30 pounds in a year without even changing how much you’re eating.
    9. Find an online weight-loss buddy. A University of Vermont study found that online weight-loss buddies help you keep the weight off. The researchers followed volunteers for 18 months. Those assigned to an Internet-based weight maintenance program sustained their weight loss better than those who met face-to-face in a support group.
    10. Bring the color blue into your life more often. There’s a good reason you won’t see many fast-food restaurants decorated in blue: Believe it or not, the color blue functions as an appetite suppressant. So serve up dinner on blue plates, dress in blue while you eat, and cover your table with a blue tablecloth. Conversely, avoid red, yellow, and orange in your dining areas. Studies find they encourage eating.

    11. Clean your closet of the “fat” clothes. Once you’ve reached your target weight, throw out or give away every piece of clothing that doesn’t fit. The idea of having to buy a whole new wardrobe if you gain the weight back will serve as a strong incentive to maintain your new figure.
    12. Downsize your dinner plates. Studies find that the less food put in front of you, the less food you’ll eat. Conversely, the more food in front of you, the more you’ll eat — regardless of how hungry you are. So instead of using regular dinner plates that range these days from 10-14 inches (making them look forlornly empty if they’re not heaped with food), serve your main course on salad plates (about 7-9 inches wide). The same goes for liquids. Instead of 16-ounce glasses and oversized coffee mugs, return to the old days of 8-ounce glasses and 6-ounce coffee cups.
    13. Serve your dinner restaurant style (food on the plates) rather than family style (food served in bowls and on platters on the table). When your plate is empty, you’re finished; there’s no reaching for seconds.
    14. Hang a mirror opposite your seat at the table. One study found that eating in front of mirrors slashed the amount people ate by nearly one-third. Seems having to look yourself in the eye reflects back some of your own inner standards and goals, and reminds you of why you’re trying to lose weight in the first place.
    15. Put out a vegetable platter. A body of research out of Pennsylvania State University finds that eating water-rich foods such as zucchini, tomatoes, and cucumbers during meals reduces your overall calorie consumption. Other water-rich foods include soups and salads. You won’t get the same benefits by just drinking your water, though. Because the body processes hunger and thirst through different mechanisms, it simply doesn’t register a sense of fullness with water (or soda, tea, coffee, or juice).
    16. Use vegetables to bulk up meals. You can eat twice as much pasta salad loaded with veggies like broccoli, carrots, and tomatoes for the same calories as a pasta salad sporting just mayonnaise. Same goes for stir-fries. And add vegetables to make a fluffier, more satisfying omelet without having to up the number of eggs.
    17. Eat one less cookie a day. Or consume one less can of regular soda, or one less glass of orange juice, or three fewer bites of a fast-food hamburger. Doing any of these saves you about 100 calories a day, according to weight-loss researcher James O. Hill, Ph.D., of the University of Colorado. And that alone is enough to prevent you from gaining the 1.8 to 2 pounds most people pack on each year.
    18. Avoid white foods. There is some scientific legitimacy to today’s lower-carb diets: Large amounts of simple carbohydrates from white flour and added sugar can wreak havoc on your blood sugar and lead to weight gain. But you shouldn’t toss out the baby with the bathwater. While avoiding sugar, white rice, and white flour, you should eat plenty of whole grain breads and brown rice. One Harvard study of 74,000 women found that those who ate more than two daily servings of whole grains were 49 percent less likely to be overweight than those who ate the white stuff.
    19. Switch to ordinary coffee. Fancy coffee drinks from trendy coffee joints often pack several hundred calories, thanks to whole milk, whipped cream, sugar, and sugary syrups. A cup of regular coffee with skim milk has just a small fraction of those calories. And when brewed with good beans, it tastes just as great.
    20. Use nonfat powdered milk in coffee. You get the nutritional benefits of skim milk, which is high in calcium and low in calories. And, because the water has been removed, powdered milk doesn’t dilute the coffee the way skim milk does.

    21. Eat cereal for breakfast five days a week. Studies find that people who eat cereal for breakfast every day are significantly less likely to be obese and have diabetes than those who don’t. They also consume more fiber and calcium—and less fat—than those who eat other breakfast foods. Of course, that doesn’t mean reaching for the Cap’n Crunch. Instead, pour out a high-fiber, low-sugar cereal like Total or Grape Nuts.
    22. Pare your portions. Whether you eat at home or in a restaurant, immediately remove one-third of the food on your plate. Arguably the worst food trend of the past few decades has been the explosion in portion sizes on America’s dinner plates (and breakfast and lunch plates). We eat far, far more today than our bodies need. Studies find that if you serve people more food, they’ll eat more food, regardless of their hunger level. The converse is also true: Serve
    yourself less and you’ll eat less.
    23. Eat 90 percent of your meals at home. You’re more likely to eat more—and eat more high-fat, high-calorie foods—when you eat out than when you eat at home. Restaurants today serve such large portions that many have switched to larger plates and tables to accommodate them!
    24. Avoid any prepared food that lists sugar, fructose, or corn syrup among the first four ingredients on the label. You should be able to find a lower-sugar version of the same type of food. If you can’t, grab a piece of fruit instead! Look for sugar-free varieties of foods such as ketchup, mayonnaise, and salad dressing.
    25. Eat slowly and calmly. Put your fork or spoon down between every bite. Sip water frequently. Intersperse your eating with stories for your dining partner of the amusing things that happened during your day. Your brain lags your stomach by about 20 minutes when it comes to satiety (fullness) signals. If you eat slowly enough, your brain will catch up to tell you that you are no longer in need of food.
    26. Eat only when you hear your stomach growling. It’s stunning how often we eat out of boredom, nervousness, habit, or frustration—so often, in fact, that many of us have actually forgotten what physical hunger feels like. Next time, wait until your stomach is growling before you reach for food. If you’re hankering for a specific food, it’s probably a craving, not hunger. If you’d eat anything you could get your hands on, chances are you’re truly hungry.
    27. Find ways other than eating to express love, tame stress, and relieve boredom. For instance, you might make your family a photo album of special events instead of a rich dessert, sign up for a stress-management course at the local hospital or take up an active hobby, like bowling.
    28. State the positive. You’ve heard of a self-fulfilling prophecy? Well, if you keep focusing on things you can’t do, like resisting junk food or getting out the door for a daily walk, chances are you won’t do them. Instead (whether you believe it or not) repeat positive thoughts to yourself. “I can lose weight.” “I will get out for my walk today.” “I know I can resist the pastry cart after dinner.” Repeat these phrases like a mantra all day long. Before too long, they will become their own self-fulfilling prophecy.
    29. Discover your dietary point of preference. If you work hard to control your weight, you may get pleasure from your appearance, but you may also feel sorry for yourself each time you forgo a favorite food. There is a balance to be struck between the immediate gratification of indulgent foods and the long-term pleasure of maintaining a desirable weight and good health. When you have that balance worked out, you have identified your own personal dietary pleasure “point of preference.” This is where you want to stay.
    30. Use flavorings such as hot sauce, salsa, and Cajun seasonings instead of relying on butter and creamy or sugary sauces. Besides providing lots of flavor with no fat and few calories, many of these seasonings—the spicy ones—turn up your digestive fires, causing your body to temporarily burn more calories.

    31. Eat fruit instead of drinking fruit juice. For the calories in one kid-size box of apple juice, you can enjoy an apple, orange, and a slice of watermelon. These whole foods will keep you satisfied much longer than that box of apple juice, so you’ll eat less overall.
    32. Spend 10 minutes a day walking up and down stairs. The Centers for Disease Control says that’s all it takes to help you shed as much as 10 pounds a year (assuming you don’t start eating more).
    33. Eat equal portions of vegetables and grains at dinner. A cup of cooked rice or pasta has about 200 calories, whereas a cup of cooked veggies doles out a mere 50 calories, on average, says Joan Salge Blake, R.D., clinical assistant professor of nutrition at Boston University’s Sargent College. To avoid a grain calorie overload, eat a 1:1 ratio of grains to veggies. The high-fiber veggies will help satisfy your hunger before you overeat the grains.
    34. Get up and walk around the office or your home for five minutes at least every two hours. Stuck at a desk all day? A brisk five-minute walk every two hours will parlay into an extra 20-minute walk by the end of the day. And getting a break will make you less likely to reach for snacks out of antsiness.
    35. Wash something thoroughly once a week—a floor, a couple of windows, the shower stall, bathroom tile, or your car. A 150-pound person who dons rubber gloves and exerts some elbow grease will burn about four calories for every minute spent cleaning, says Blake. Scrub for 30 minutes and you could work off approximately 120 calories, the same number in a half-cup of vanilla frozen yogurt. And your surroundings will sparkle!
    36. Make one social outing this week an active one. Pass on the movie tickets and screen the views of a local park instead. Not only will you sit less, but you’ll be saving calories because you won’t chow down on that bucket of popcorn. Other active date ideas: Plan a tennis match, sign up for a guided nature or city walk (check your local newspaper), go cycling on a bike path, or join a volleyball league or bowling team.
    37. Order the smallest portion of everything. If you’re ordering a sub, get the 6-inch sandwich. Buy a small popcorn, a small salad, a small hamburger. Studies find we tend to eat what’s in front of us, even though we’d feel just as full on less.
    38. Switch from regular milk to 2%. If you already drink 2%, go down another notch to 1% or skim milk. Each step downward cuts the calories by about 20 percent. Once you train your taste buds to enjoy skim milk, you’ll have cut the calories in the whole milk by about half and trimmed the fat by more than 95 percent.
    39. Take a walk before dinner. You’ll do more than burn calories — you’ll cut your appetite. In a study of 10 obese women conducted at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, 20 minutes of walking reduced appetite and increased sensations of fullness as effectively as a light meal.
    40. Substitute a handful of almonds in place of a sugary snack. A study from the City of Hope National Medical Center found that overweight people who ate a moderate-fat diet containing almonds lost more weight than a control group that didn’t eat nuts. Really, any nut will do.

    41. Eat a frozen dinner. Not just any frozen dinner, but one designed for weight loss. Most of us tend to eat an average of 150 percent more calories in the evening than in the morning. An easy way to keep dinner calories under control is to buy a pre-portioned meal. Just make sure that it contains only one serving. If it contains two, make sure you share.
    42. Don’t eat with a large group. A study published in the Journal of Physiological Behavior found that we tend to eat more when we eat with other people, most likely because we spend more time at the table. But eating with your significant other or your family, and using table time for talking in between chewing, can help cut down on calories — and help with bonding in the bargain.
    43. Watch one less hour of TV. A study of 76 undergraduate students found the more they watched television, the more often they ate and the more they ate overall. Sacrifice one program (there’s probably one you don’t really want to watch anyway) and go for a walk instead. You’ll have time left over to finish a chore or gaze at the stars.
    44. Get most of your calories before noon. Studies find that the more you eat in the morning, the less you’ll eat in the evening. And you have more opportunities to burn off those early-day calories than you do to burn off dinner calories.
    45. Close out the kitchen after dinner. Wash all the dishes, wipe down the counters, turn out the light, and, if necessary, tape closed the cabinets and refrigerator. Late-evening eating significantly increases the overall number of calories you eat, a University of Texas study found. Stopping late-night snacking can save 300 or more calories a day, or 31 pounds a year.
    46. Sniff a banana, an apple, or a peppermint when you feel hungry. You might feel silly, but it works. When Alan R. Hirsch, M.D., neurological director of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago, tried this with 3,000 volunteers, he found that the more frequently people sniffed, the less hungry they were and the more weight they lost — an average of 30 pounds each. One theory is that sniffing the food tricks the brain into thinking you’re actually eating it.
    47. Order wine by the glass, not the bottle. That way you’ll be more aware of how much alcohol you’re downing. Moderate drinking can be good for your health, but alcohol is high in calories. And because drinking turns off our inhibitions, it can drown our best intentions to keep portions in check.
    48. Watch every morsel you put in your mouth on weekends. A University of North Carolina study found people tend to consume an extra 115 calories per weekend day, primarily from alcohol and fat.
    49. Stock your refrigerator with low-fat yogurt. A University of Tennessee study found that people who cut 500 calories a day and ate yogurt three times a day for 12 weeks lost more weight and body fat than a group that only cut the calories. The researchers concluded that the calcium in low-fat dairy foods triggers a hormonal response that inhibits the body’s production of fat cells and boosts the breakdown of fat.

    50. Order your dressing on the side and then stick a fork in it — not your salad. The small amount of dressing that clings to the tines of the fork are plenty for the forkful of salad you then pick up.
    51. Brush your teeth after every meal, especially after dinner. That clean, minty freshness will serve as a cue to your body and brain that mealtime is over.
    52. Serve individual courses rather than piling everything on one plate. Make the first two courses soup or vegetables (such as a green salad). By the time you get to the more calorie-dense foods, like meat and dessert, you’ll be eating less or may already be full (leftovers are a good thing).
    53. Passionately kiss your partner 10 times a day. According to the 1991 Kinsey Institute New Report on Sex, a passionate kiss burns 6.4 calories per minute. Ten minutes a day of kissing equates to about 23,000 calories—or eight pounds—a year!
    54. Add hot peppers to your pasta sauce. Capsaicin, the ingredient in hot peppers that makes them hot, also helps reduce your appetite.
    55. Pack nutritious snacks. Snacking once or twice a day helps stave off hunger and keeps your metabolism stoked, but healthy snacks can be pretty darn hard to come by when you’re on the go. Pack up baby carrots or your own trail mix made with nuts, raisins, seeds, and dried fruit.
    56. When you shop, choose nutritious foods based on these four simple rules:
    1. Avoid partially hydrogenated.
    2. Avoid high fructose corn syrup.
    3. Choose a short ingredient list over long; there will be fewer flavor enhancers and empty calories.
    4. Look for more than two grams of fiber per 100 calories in all grain products (cereal, bread, crackers, and chips)
    57. Weed out calories you’ve been overlooking: spreads, dressings, sauces, condiments, drinks, and snacks. These calories count, whether or not you’ve been counting them, and could make the difference between weight gain and loss.
    58. When you’re eating out with friends or family, dress up in your most flattering outfit. You’ll get loads of compliments, says Susie Galvez, author of Weight Loss Wisdom, which will be a great reminder to watch what you eat. - Source: Internet

    Thursday, February 5, 2015

    Men lose weight more quickly than women

    The rumor: Men lose weight more quickly than women

    Many people believe that when it comes to weight loss, men have an advantage. Anecdotal stories of ladies sweating and struggling to lose a pound or two compare to tales of men cutting back on the junk, hitting the gym and watching the weight drop off. But whats the real truth?

    The verdict: Men do lose weight faster than women, at first

    Men tend to have more lean muscle tissue, which burns more calories than body fat, even during rest. And when men and women cut the same number of calories, men usually do lose more weight -- but its short-term.

    "Over the long-term, the playing field is more equal," says dietician David Grotto, self-proclaimed "guyatician" and author of "The Best Things You Can Eat." "Its not a race to see who can lose weight the fastest. The important thing is that youre both going in the same direction."

    Weight-loss programs often accentuate the difference. When sedentary men and women both start exercise programs, men tend to lose body fat, while many women dont.

    In one study out of England, men and women were each put on commercial weight-loss programs such as Atkins, Slim-Fast and Weight Watchers. Two months in, the men had lost twice as much weight as the women -- and three times as much body fat. But by six months, the rate of weight loss had evened out between the genders.

    If youre a guy, you can thank the testosterone you have -- and the extra estrogen you dont -- for your weight-loss edge. On average, women have between 6 and 11% more body fat than men, an assumed evolutionary adaptation to help during pregnancy. From puberty to menopause, women maintain more average body fat than men -- even when they take in fewer calories.

    But its important to remember that "fat" doesnt mean "unhealthy." Yes, women have larger fat stores, but its part of their physiology, meaning its not extra weight. So if a woman has 11% more body fat than a man, it doesnt mean shes 11% "fatter." A perfectly fit woman will still hold 6 to 11% more body fat than a perfectly fit man.

    Also, men tend to lose weight where they need it most (read: belly), so its often more immediately noticeable when overweight men start trimming down than when women do. Ladies fat stores are typically more spread out, which is partly why they tend to lose weight at a slower pace than guys. Even basic, regular exercise -- ideally 30 to 60 minutes a day -- tends to reduce abdominal obesity, even if guys dont technically lose weight.

    Of course, ladies also lose abdominal weight quickly -- they just tend to have less of it. "Women with excess fat around the middle will lose it more or less as readily as men," says upwave review-board member Dr. David Katz, founding director of the Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center at the Yale University School of Medicine. "Men are more prone to gain weight around the middle."

    That said, carrying extra weight around the middle is also tied to increased heart risks, making it arguably unhealthier to be an overweight man than a plus-size woman. Big bellies, it turns out, are a sort of a double-edged sword when it comes to weight loss: Theyre an extra health risk for men, but give guys the edge when it comes to dropping pounds.

    Ladies, dont despair: Women have weight-related advantages, too. They tend to carry more body fat on their thighs and backsides (the so-called "pear" shape), which are much healthier places to hold weight than around the middle. Plus, while women are better at storing fat, they also tend to burn more body fat during exercise than men do. "The fat women find it hardest to lose is generally the least harmful to health," Katz says.

    At the end of the day, dropping pounds is hard work for women and men. And, really, it all boils down to this: Anyone can lose weight -- it doesnt matter what your gender is. You just have to be committed to doing it.